Friday, 7 October 2016

Theme 6: Qualitative and case study research


Journal: Computer-mediated Communication
Impact factor: 3.54
Article: Evolving Mobile Media: Uses and Conceptualizations of the Mobile Internet

1. In this paper the semi-structured interview method was used. The interviews were conducted face-to-face by a student research assistant, because they wanted the participants (students) to feel comfortable to talk.

The benefits of a semi-structured interview are that there is more flexibility. There is a topiclist, but topics that are not directly related can also be discussed. This can lead to understanding the topic from another perspective and the interviewee feels more free to talk, as this method is more like a dialogue. If the semi-structured interview is done face-to-face, like in this paper, social aspects can also be considered, so body language, voice, intonation etc.

The limitations of a semi-structured interview are that you can barely take notes, as it is important that the interview is focused on the conversation.
The interviewer can ask leading question, what affects the answers of the respondents.
There can’t be a lot of interviews conducted as they normally take a long time, because of this the results are not representative for a large group. Comparing the results of the interview is difficult as the information differs and is unique for each person.

2. I learned that if you want to understand ‘meanings’ from people’s reality this method is a good one to use, as it can provide this in an in-depth way. I also understand that the interviewer needs to be skillful in this kind of interview as the way the questions are asked influences the given answer.

3. The problems of this study are the way the questions were asked, an example to illustrate what I mean is; question: ‘Ok and have you ever used the expression mobile Internet, if yes, in which context?’ Answer: No, never. When it comes to questions like these you are expecting the interviewee to think really hard about his/her word choices from years ago until the presence. The chance that the given answer is reliable is really small, as the interviewee can’t remember all his/her word choices. The question is rather leading, what is affecting the way it is answered. This is one of the advantages of the semi-structured method, but in this case the questions could have easily been reframed and would still be understandable. For an example; Do you use the expression ‘mobile internet’ if yes in which context?  
Another point is that they made their own interpretations, some of the participants used the word ‘addictive’. As the semi-structured interview allows the interviewer to be flexible, he/she could have asked what do you mean with addictive or till what extent? (As they were talking about Internet use on the mobile phone) Instead of asking, the researchers interpret it by themselves. Their interpretation might not be what the participants meant.
The interviews were conducted in German and English, but the results were analyzed in English, this means that the German interviews were translated into English and this may have an affect on the interpretation of the results, as the word choices aren’t the same.

4. A case study research is studying a certain situation in detail. This study is flexible and is a good method if the research field is broad and limiting the field is needed. The aim of this study can differ as it can provide description or test theory or models, this is tested to eventually generate new theory or models from evidence of case studies. This evidence can be qualitative as quantitative or both methods at the same time.

Journal: New Media & Society
Impact factor: 3.11
Study: “All over the place”: A case study of classroom multitasking and attentional performance

5.Strengths & Weaknesses
From the beginning it is clear what the problem is, technology use during lectures and how this ‘media attention’ is influencing the concentration of students during lectures. The researcher describes that he is a teacher and that experiences this first hand.

The researcher goes undercover in a course, as this course is known to be a traditional lecture with an active learning model. He assumes that the students should participate during the lecture and actively engage. That is the reason why he taught this class would be useful to focus on for his case study.

He uses a semi-structured interview and observations to gain his data. The researcher observes the behavior of a class during a semester. Based on his observations he approached students for an interview. According to the article “Process of Building Theory from Case Study Research” using multiple methods to collect data strengthens the study. However, his methods were both qualitative and the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to get data strengthens the study even more.

He confirms that the use of technology during the lectures influences the amount of concentration and participation of students by analyzing his observation notes. He sharpens this by adding that students do participate and concentrate during the lectures that ‘matters’, so for an example when the lecturer is explaining a topic that will be discussed in the exams. This information was gained during an interview. This strengthens his grounding, but he also made adjustments when needed.

The results of his observations are only based on the students who weren’t engaged during class, while there were students who did participate. Also he only observed only class and one course. For this reason his data isn’t gained through different perspectives.

His results from the interview can’t be generalized as he only managed to interview one student. But (internal) validity was build as he wanted to analyze the distractions of technology use during the lecture and he did to that, he measured what he claimed to be measuring.

This case study was rather descriptive, there were no continuously comparisons made neither were there theories tested or build.

Sources
Humphreys, L. Von Pape, T. (2013) Evolving Mobile Media: Uses and Conceptualizations of the Mobile Internet. Volume 18, Issue 4.
Hassoun, D. (2014) “All over the place”: A case study of classroom multitasking and attentional performance. Vol 17, no. 10.




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